Pre-NPU Chip Obsolescence
On-device AI needs 40-TOPS · another sunset wave
Critical Materials Recovery & Independence
Circuit boards: 150–400g gold/ton vs. 1–5g mined
Scope 3 · Carbon Accounting · DPPs
Law in Europe now · heading to the US
E-Waste Outgrowing Recycling Capacity
62M → 82M tons/yr by 2030 · recycling falling behind